在职硕士英语二考试真题

在职研究生英语二真题

相信现在已经有很多人开始准备2023年全国硕士研究生的考试，那么下面小编为大家整理了一份在职硕士英语二的真题以及答案解析，以供大家复习参考。

完形填空

Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to _____ (1) uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will _____ (2) to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_____ (3).

In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to _____ (4) themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _____ (5), each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would _____ (6) an electric shock when clicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _____ (7) left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would _____ (8). Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, _____ (9) the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to _____ (10) is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for _____ (11) or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _____ (12) new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such _____ (13) can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _____ (14) things is a profound one.

Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _____ (15), however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to _____ (16) how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to _____ (17) to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the _____ (18) of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine _____ (19) it is worth the endeavor. "Thinking about long-term _____ (20) is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity," Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.

1【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.resolve

B.protect

C.discuss

D.ignore

【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢?”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有_____不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。

2【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.refuse

B.wait

C.seek

D.regret

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。[A]拒绝做…[B]等待做…[C]寻求，力求做…[D]后悔做…结合文意“人们要_____ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。

3【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.rise

B.last

C.mislead

D.hurt

【答案】D

【解析】根据原文语境，“painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。

4【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.alter

B.tie

C.expose

D.treat

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语_____ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。

5【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.message

B.trial

C.review

D.concept

【答案】B

【解析】根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。

6【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.remove

B.weaken

C.deliver

D.interrupt

【答案】C

【解析】动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会_____电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰 A选项更符合语境。

7【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.Unless

B.If

C.Though

D.When

【答案】D

【解析】时间状语的考查。结合语境，“_____被独自留在房间，学生会……”，因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.

8【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.happen

B.continue

C.disappear

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。

9【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.rather than

B.such as

C.regardless of

D.owing to

【答案】B

【解析】结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。

10【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.disagree

B.forgive

C.forget

D.discover

【答案】D

【解析】Discover 与上文中的Curiosity 相对应。

11【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.pay

B.marriage

C.food

D.schooling

【答案】C

【解析】本词与后文的Basic drives 的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。

12【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.begin with

B.rest on

C.learn from

D.lead to

【答案】D

【解析】破折号的内容是对前文instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。

13【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.withdrawal

B.inquiry

C.persistence

D.diligence

【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives 相对应。

14【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.self-destructive

B.self-reliant

C.self-evident

D.self-deceptive

【答案】A

【解析】本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。

15【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.resist

B.define

C.replace

D.trace

【答案】A

【解析】从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。

16【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.predict

B.overlook

C.design

D.conceal

【答案】A

【解析】通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。

17【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.remember

B.choose

C.promise

D.pretend

【答案】B

【解析】动宾搭配。

18【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.relief

B.plan

C.outcome

D.duty

【答案】C

【解析】of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。

19【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.whether

B.why

C.where

D.how

【答案】A

【解析】whether 引导宾语从句。

20【题干】_____.

【选项】

A.limitations

B.investments

C.strategies

D.consequences

【答案】D

【解析】关联对应，对应18题的outcome.

阅读理解

Text 1

It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?

As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education "have that stereotype…that it's for kids who can't make it academically," he says.

On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.

But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all-and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor's degree opens moredoors. Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them. Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

Koziatek's school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's persity of gifts.

21.【题干】A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of_____.

【选项】

A.mechanical memorization

B.academic training

C.practical ability

D.pioneering spirit

【答案】C

【解析】这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.

22.【题干】There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_____.

【选项】

A.are financially disadvantaged

B.are not academically successful

C.have a stereotyped mind

D.have no career motivation

【答案】B

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful. 其他选项均不符合文意。

23.【题干】we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_____.

【选项】

A.are entitled to more “ducational privileges

B.are reluctant to work in manufacturing

C.used to have more job opportunities

D.used to have big financial concerns

【答案】C

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。

24.【题干】The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_____.

【选项】

A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs

B.may narrow the gap in working-class jobs

C.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce

D.indicates the overvaluing of higher education

【答案】D

【解析】这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and…和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。

25.【题干】The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as_____.

【选项】

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

【答案】A

【解析】这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nation’s persity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

Text 2

While fossil fuels – coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world. They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

The question "what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26.【题干】The word "plummeting" (Line 3, Para 2) is closest in meaning to_____.

【选项】

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

【答案】C

【解析】这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择C falling.

27.【题干】According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America______.

【选项】

A.is progressing notably

B.is as extensive as in Europe

C.faces many challenges

D.has proved to be impractical

【答案】A

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A.

28.【题干】It can be learned that in Iowa,_____.

【选项】

A.wind is a widely used energy source

B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C.tech giants are investing in clean energy

D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply

【答案】A

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A.

29.【题干】Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?

【选项】

A.Its application has boosted battery storage

B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing

C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality

D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult

【答案】C

【解析】这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升a boost in the storage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除;B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除;正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

30.【题干】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy_____.

【选项】

A.will bring the US closer to other countries

B.will accelerate global environmental change

C.is not really encouraged by the US government

D.is not competitive with regard to its cost

【答案】C

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate…是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less…所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。

Text 3

The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users' friendships and social lives.

Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link

phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don't pay for them. The users of their services are no their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.

The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their

aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.

31.【题干】According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.

【选项】

A.digital products

B.user information

C.physical assets

D.quality service

【答案】B

【解析】细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。

32.【题干】Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may_____.

【选项】

A.worsen political disputers

B.mess up customer records

C.pose a risk to Facebook users

D.mislead the European commission

【答案】C

【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。

33.【题干】According to the author, competition law_____.

【选项】

A.should serve the new market powers

B.may worsen the economic imbalance

C.should not provide just one legal solution

D.cannot keep pace with the changing market

【答案】D

【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词competition law 定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。

34.【题干】Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because_____.

【选项】

A.they are not defined as customers

B.they are not financially reliable

C.the services are generally digital

D.the services are paid for by advertisers

【答案】D

【解析】根据题目中的because 可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，the users of their services are not，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them···，与选项对应，可得出[D]the services are paid for by advertisers。

35.【题干】The ants analogy is used to illustrate_____.

【选项】

A.a win-win business model between digital giants

B.a typical competition pattern among digital giants

C.the benefits provided for digital giants' customers

D.the relationship between digital giants and their users

【答案】D

【解析】根据题目中is used to illustrate可判断为例证题，要找到the ants analogy论据所证明的论点;论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据the ants analogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案为[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users.

Text 4

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of "deep work"-the ability to focus without distraction. There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time." At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that pided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day. While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests," be lazy."

"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done," he argues.

Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

"What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain". Says Pillay.